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When humankind emerged, it lived divided into groups called tribes, since smaller groups were doomed to fall to a variety of environmental factors such as climate and predators. Within tribes, they all worked together and shared their resources among each other. Their technology was extremely primitive, but advanced enough to feed the tribe.

As the population grew, old methods of farming became obsolete. More mouths demanded better technology, so people invented the plough and other tools to help them feed each other, domesticated horses and cows, etc. Different access to tools enabled labor specialisation and prompted the development of exchange as a social institution. At first, goods were exchanged for goods, but such system became unsustainable in the long run and was overrun by the new system: money.

Unfortunately, people are not all like each other. One is more productive than another, can work more efficiently of for longer, thus making it logical to let them have more lands to plough. That meant some people became dependent on others to the point they fell into debt and had to sell themselves into slavery. This is the point where social stratification and class struggle began.

The slave owning class was interested in expanding their territories and keeping slaves subservient, so they invented the state, which serves the ruling class to this day. States waged horrific wars with intent of enslaving more people and expanding the influence of a group of slave owners in charge of it.

As a result of class struggle, slave owners retracted their rights to have other people as property and were defeated. Many nations straight up missed this stage of development. Regardless, the world advanced into feudalism: a system where the class of serfs owned some means of production like farm animals or tools, but didn't have a right to own land or some of products of their labor: those belonged to to the class of lords.

The new social formation had its own fight: serfs against lords. As technology advanced, accumulating capital became easier, so some serfs became petit-bourgeois, but weren't allowed to expand by the rules of feudalism.

The struggle of petit-bourgeoisie against the lords culminated in many bourgeois revolutions, such as the French one. New economic system called capitalism valued property rights for all, equality and fraternity. But how would it be possible to force the emerging proletariat into factories without actual force? Easy. Make it impossible to feed yourself without working. And so the bourgeoisie did that.

Yet another round of class struggle began: the working class against the bourgeoisie. It is still going on, with the bourgeoisie having the monopoly on capital and the state on their side, while the workers resort to unionising and revolting. Eventually, this fight will end with the victory of workers, just like any other round of class struggle.

When humankind emerged, it lived divided into groups called tribes, since smaller groups were doomed to fall to a variety of environmental factors such as climate and predators. Within tribes, they all worked together and shared their resources among each other. Their technology was extremely primitive, but advanced enough to feed the tribe.

As the population grew, old methods of farming became obsolete. More mouths demanded better technology, so people invented the plough and other tools to help them feed each other, domesticated horses and cows, etc. Different access to tools enabled labor specialisation and prompted the development of exchange as a social institution. At first, goods were exchanged for goods, but such system became unsustainable in the long run and was overrun by the new system: money.

Unfortunately, people are not all like each other. One is more productive than another, can work more efficiently of for longer, thus making it logical to let them have more lands to plough. That meant some people became dependent on others to the point they fell into debt and had to sell themselves into slavery. This is the point where social stratification and class struggle began.

The slave owning class was interested in expanding their territories and keeping slaves subservient, so they invented the state, which serves the ruling class to this day. States waged horrific wars with intent of enslaving more people and expanding the influence of a group of slave owners in charge of it.

As a result of class struggle, slave owners retracted their rights to have other people as property and were defeated. Many nations straight up missed this stage of development. Regardless, the world advanced into feudalism: a system where the class of serfs owned some means of production like farm animals or tools, but didn't have a right to own land or some of products of their labor: those belonged to to the class of lords.

The new social formation had its own fight: serfs against lords. As technology advanced, accumulating capital became easier, so some serfs became petit-bourgeois, but weren't allowed to expand by the rules of feudalism.

The struggle of petit-bourgeoisie against the lords culminated in many bourgeois revolutions, such as the French one. New economic system called capitalism valued property rights for all, equality and fraternity. But how would it be possible to force the emerging proletariat into factories without actual force? Easy. Make it impossible to feed yourself without working. And so the bourgeoisie did that.

Yet another round of class struggle began: the working class against the bourgeoisie. It is still going on, with the bourgeoisie having the monopoly on capital and the state on their side, while the workers resort to unionising and revolting. Eventually, this fight will end with the victory of workers, just like any other round of class struggle.