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The Most Serene State of Ligurian Republic.
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THE LIGURIAN REPUBLIC
Ligurian RepublicRepubrica Ligure (Ligurian)
Repubblica Ligure (Italian)
Repòblica Ligure (Lunigian)
Ripublica Ligure (Corsican)
Republica Ligura (Occitan)
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Motto: Libertas
Anthem: Basso de Zena
Geological Location
Ligurian Republic (dark green)
Population | 4.331.270 |
Capital | Genoa (Zena) |
Largest City | Genoa (Zena) |
Official Language | Ligurian and Italian |
National Language | Corsican, Occitan and Lunigian |
Demonym | Ligurian |
Area | 18.917,21 Km2 |
Ethnic Groups | Ligurian (84%) |
Religion | Catholic(76,52%) |
Government | Federal parlamentary republic |
Heand of State | President of the Republic |
Executive Body | Grand Council of the Republic |
Legislature | Parlament of the Ligurian Republic |
Upper House | Senat of the Republic |
Lower House | National Assembly |
Currency | Ligurian Lira (LL) |
GDP | 95.9 Trillion (Per Capita) # |
HDI | 0.960 (High |
Time Zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
Calling Code | (+390) |
Drives on the | Right |
ISO Code | LG |
Internet LTD | .lg |
Liguria, officially the Ligurian Republic, is a federal parliamentary republic in Southern Europe. Geographically, half of Liguria extends across the northwestern portion of the Italian peninsula, while the remaining half of its territory consists primarily of the island of Corsica and the Tabarchine Islands.
Liguria's largest city and capital is Genoa, the Republic's main economic and political center; other important Ligurian cities include La Spezia, Savona, Ajaccio, Bastia, and Monaco.
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Etymology
The name Liguria predates Latin and is of obscure origin. The Latin adjectives Ligusticum (as in Mare Ligusticum) and Liguscus reveal the original root of the name, ligusc-: in the Latin name -sc- was shortened to -s-, and later turned into the -r- of Liguria, according to rhotacism. Compare Ancient Greek: λίγυς, romanized: Lígus, lit. 'a Ligurian, a person from Liguria' whence Ligustikḗ λιγυστική transl. the name of the place Liguria. The name derives from the ancient Ligures people, although the territory of this people was much larger than the current administrative region; it included all of North-west Italy south to the Po river, and south-eastern France.
Modern Liguria is the political and cultural heir of the ancient Serenissima Republic of Genoa, the maritime republic that dominated the Mediterranean for centuries in eternal competition with the Serenissima Republic of Venice.
The Serenissima Republic of Genoa was characterized for centuries by an aristocratic and oligarchic government headed by the Doge. By the late 1700s, the Republic of Genoa was in a general state of decline, culminating in the temporary transfer of most of Corsica to the Kingdom of France. In 1797, following the French invasion, the Republic of Genoa was reorganized into the (First) Ligurian Republic, only to be forcibly annexed by the French Empire in 1805. With the end of the Napoleonic Wars and a fierce ten-year anti-French war of resistance, the Republic of Genoa and its aristocratic government were restored with the Congress of Vienna, which recognized the return of Genoese sovereignty over all of Corsica.
In 1849, the Ligurian Liberal and National Revolution overthrew the Doge's and aristocratic government, and the Second Ligurian Republic was proclaimed, characterized by a democratic and liberal constitution.
Having survived both world wars, the Ligurian Republic became a true commercial and economic power after World War II, becoming the main hub of European maritime trade.
In 1970, a new constitution was passed, transforming the Ligurian state into a federal republic (Third Ligurian Republic), finally pacifying the separatist sentiments of Corsica, which gained extensive autonomy.
Today, the Ligurian Republic is a modern economic powerhouse, a European leader in maritime trade, banking and insurance services, and shipbuilding.
Liguria has a population of 4.331.270 , concentrated primarily in the Republic's major cities and along the coast. Since the Second World War, Liguria's population has progressively and steadily increased, thanks primarily to the multitude of immigrants who moved to Liguria for its more favorable economic and social conditions. In Liguria, almost a quarter of the population is of foreign origin, and in the capital, Genoa, this figure reaches up to a third.
The main foreign communities in Liguria come from the Italian peninsula, South America, and North Africa, making Genoa an extremely multicultural city.
From a religious perspective, Liguria is a predominantly Christian-Catholic country (84%), but there are also significant Islamic and Orthodox Christian communities. Over the decades, the number of practicing believers has declined significantly, making Liguria an extremely secular nation. The Ligurian Constitution defines Liguria as a secular and non-denominational state, with no state religion; however, significant influences of the Catholic religion remain on Ligurian culture and tradition.
From an ethnolinguistic perspective, the Ligurian population is divided into four linguistic groups: Ligurian, Corsican, Occitan, and Lunigian. The official languages at the national level are Ligurian and Italian; Ligurian is the main national language, spoken by over 77% of the population as a native tongue; Italian, unlike Ligurian, is spoken by the majority of the Ligurian population but only one lingua franca. Lunigian is the second most spoken language (8%); Corsican (7%) is the third most spoken but the second most geographically widespread after Ligurian, as it is prevalent on the island of Corsica; Occitan (1%) is the language with the fewest native speakers, concentrated primarily in the Brigasc Land.
Lunigiana, Corsican, and Occitan enjoy the status of co-official languages at the state and local levels, along with Ligurian and Italian.
In addition to the official languages of the Republic, both at the national, state, and local levels, many other non-native languages are frequently spoken in Liguria. Due to strong immigration and the presence of significant foreign communities, especially in the capital, Genoa, over 10% of the population speaks a foreign language; Albanian, Romanian, Arabic, and Latin Spanish are the four most widely spoken non-native languages in Liguria. For this reason, in recent years, at the administrative level, Ligurian authorities have begun officially using English, alongside Italian, as a lingua franca to facilitate communication.
The Ligurian Republic is a federal and parliamentary republic, characterized by democratic and elective institutions.
The Head of State of Liguria is the President of the Republic, elected by Parliament every seven years. Executive power is vested in the Grand Council of the Republic, composed of seven ministers, whose presidency (President of the Grand Council of the Republic) rotates annually among the nine ministers. The executive branch serves a five-year term, mandated by Parliament.
Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of the Ligurian Republic, composed of two chambers: the upper house, the Senate of the Republic; and the lower house, the National Assembly. The National Assembly is composed of a number of deputies proportional to the Ligurian population. They are elected by universal suffrage for a five-year term and represent the general and national will of the Republic. The Senate of the Republic is the representative chamber of the federated states, each of which has two deputies (for a total of 38 senators) elected by universal suffrage for a five-year term.
Judicial power is vested in the Ligurian High Court of Justice.
Liguria is a multi-party democracy, in which many parties compete for a parliamentary majority and thus govern. The governing majority is currently held by a centrist coalition composed of the Ligurian Republican Party, the Ligurian Liberal Action Party, and the Corsican Republican Action Party. The major opposition parties are the Ligurian Socialist Workers' Party, the Ligurian National Party, the Ligurian Christian Democratic Union, and the Ligurian Green League. Numerous smaller parties are also represented in parliament, such as the Ligurian Communist Party, the Union of the Corsican People, and other local parties.
The international relations of the Ligurian Republic are extensive, focusing primarily on bilateral and regional free trade agreements, particularly with regard to Europe and Africa. Liguria is a member of major international organizations, actively participating in international activities that promote peaceful international cooperation.
Liguria's international policy is strictly neutral, modeled on Switzerland's armed neutrality. Despite this, Liguria is a military partner in many regional military alliances for defensive purposes.
The Ligurian Republic has a special international policy regarding the states of the Italian peninsula, with which Liguria has historically shared important bilateral relations. Specifically, Liguria has signed important treaties on the free movement of goods, services, and capital between the major states of the northern Italian peninsula, the Alpine region, and Central and Western Europe.
The Ligurian Republic is a federation of 19 states, roughly corresponding to the ancient administrative subdivisions of the Republic of Genoa and the ancient pre-unification Ligurian states. With the Federal Constitution of 1970, the Ligurian states that constitute the Republic are autonomous in their internal territorial and economic management (except for all matters falling under central national jurisdiction). Four of the nineteen Ligurian states adopt an official language other than the national ones (Ligurian and Italian), namely Lunigian (in Lunigiana), Occitan (in the Brigasque lands), and Corsican (in Corsica, Pumunti and Cismonte). Each federated state of the Ligurian Republic organizes itself internally and establishes its own legislation and regulations, in accordance with the Ligurian Republican Constitution and national laws.
Generally, the Ligurian states are organised on the model of the central Ligurian state, there is a unicameral local parliament (State Assembly), a collegiate executive body (Council of State), and a judicial body (State Court).
Liguria is also divided into municipalities, which, according to the Constitution, are the constituent administrative bodies of the Republic and the Ligurian federated states, at the lowest level. They are generally organized along the classic model of Mediterranean municipalities, with an elected legislative body (Municipal Assembly or Council), an executive body (Municipal Council) chaired by the Mayor, and judicial bodies (Citizen Courts), but only in the case of cities with a high population.
FEDERATED STATE | CAPITAL | OFFICIAL LANGUAGES | POPULATION |
State and Republic of Genoa | Genoa | Ligurian | 1.814.164 |
State and Republic of Lunigiana | Sarzana | Ligurian | 386.660 |
State of Savonese | Savona | Ligurian | 366.519 |
State of Spezzino | La Spezia | Liguria | 314.916 |
State of Tigullio | Chiavari | Ligurian | 300.707 |
State of Oltregiogo | Novi | Ligurian | 279.526 |
State of Sanremasco | Sanremo | Ligurian | 95.177 |
State and Republic of Monaco | Monaco | Ligurian | 90.522 |
State of Albenganese | Albenga | Ligurian | 73.080 |
State of Ventimigliese | Ventimiglia | Ligurian | 63.549 |
State of Calvi Bonifacio and Tabarkin Islands | Calvi | Ligurian | 57.993 |
City State of Port Maurizio | Port Maurizio | Ligurian | 40.191 |
City State of Loano | Loano | Ligurian | 39.166 |
State of Finalese | Finale | Ligurian | 31.937 |
City State of Oneglia | Oneglia | Ligurian | 31.219 |
State and Republic of Noli | Noli | Ligurian | 15.505 |
State of Brigasc Land | Briga | Ligurian | 10.231 |
State and Republic of Corsica Pumunti | Ajaccio | Ligurian | 149.234 |
State and Republic of Corsica Cismonte | Bastia | Ligurian | 170.974 |
Liguria's economy specializes in maritime trade, banking and insurance services, and the shipbuilding industry.
The economic boom of the 1980s and 1990s brought Liguria unprecedented wealth. Major global companies invested and relocated their headquarters to the Ligurian Republic, attracted by moderate taxation and significant business support measures, significantly contributing to the development and research of the country's key industrial and economic sectors.
With the introduction of nuclear energy in Liguria in the late 1980s, the country is almost energy self-sufficient; Liguria's energy needs are largely met by three nuclear power plants in La Spezia, Sarzana, and Ajaccio.
The Ligurian Republic's gross domestic product (GDP) is estimated at around 925,062 million (21st), placing it among the richest nations in the world. Liguria's Human Development Index (HDI) is particularly high, 0.965 (3rd), statistically confirming the Ligurian Republic's high quality standards.